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The Spanish Basque Nationalist political party, known as the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV or EAJ-PNV, using its Basque acronym), is a center-right political organization that plays a significant role in the Basque Country's political landscape, which…   spans parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Founded in 1895 by Sabino Arana, the party is one of the oldest active political parties in Spain. Its creation was motivated by a desire to preserve and promote Basque cultural identity, language (Euskera), and traditions, amidst concerns that these were being eroded by the influence of Spanish centralism and industrialization.<br /><br />The PNV's values are deeply rooted in Christian Democracy and Basque nationalism. It advocates for the recognition of the Basque people as a distinct nation with its own rights, including the right to self-determination. The party supports greater autonomy for the Basque Country within Spain, aiming for a status that would allow the Basque government to have more control over local matters, including fiscal policies, education, and law enforcement. While the PNV has historically entertained the idea of full independence, its contemporary stance is more focused on achieving maximum autonomy and self-governance within the framework of the Spanish state, rather than outright secession.<br /><br />Economically, the PNV endorses a social market economy, balancing between free-market principles and the need for social welfare programs to support the less fortunate. It emphasizes the importance of economic development, innovation, and competitiveness while advocating for policies that protect the environment and promote sustainable development.<br /><br />Socially, the party is conservative but has shown flexibility, adapting its policies to the changing values of Basque society. It supports the Basque language and culture through various educational and policy measures, aiming to ensure their preservation and promotion.<br /><br />The PNV's influence is most strongly felt in the Basque Autonomous Community, where it has been a leading force in the regional government for much of Spain's recent democratic history. Its moderate approach to nationalism, emphasis on dialogue and negotiation, and commitment to democratic principles distinguish it from other, more radical Basque nationalist and separatist groups. Through its advocacy for greater autonomy, the PNV seeks to secure a future for the Basque Country that is rooted in its unique identity while remaining an integral part of Spain and Europe.อ่านเพิ่มเติม